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José Jorge de Carvalho

José Jorge de Carvalho is a Full Professor of Anthropology at the University of Brasília (UnB), a CNPq Researcher, and Coordinator of the Institute for Inclusion in Higher Education and Research at CNPq, based at UnB. He is one of the architects of Brazil's quota system for Black and Indigenous students in federal universities.
Carvalho coordinates the national network of the Encontro de Saberes (Meeting of Knowledges) project, which brings masters from traditional communities—including Indigenous, Afro-Brazilian, and Quilombola knowledge-holders—into universities as professors based solely on their oral traditions. Building on this initiative, he has developed an innovative intercultural philosophy grounded in Brazilian realities. His comparative framework incorporates not only Western and Eastern philosophical traditions but also Indigenous and Afro-diasporic thought.
Within this paradigm, Carvalho has established pioneering intercultural dialogues with thinkers including: Dōgen, Nishida Kitarō, and Watsuji Tetsurō (Japanese philosophy), Laozi, Wang Yangming, and Mengzi (Chinese philosophy), Yi T'oegye and Yulgok (Korean Neo-Confucianism), Huineng (Chan Buddhism) and Zhao Tingyang (contemporary Chinese philosophy).

José Jorge de Carvalho

A Crossroads of Logics: Eastern, Western, Indigenous and Afro-Brazilian

At the International Seminar on Logic held at the University of Brasilia in 1972, Ricardo Gonçalves (Ryokan Monk) outlined the themes that should form part of a basic dialog between Western and Eastern logics: Indian logical systems (Nyaya and Vedanta non-dualism), Buddhist (Nagarjuna's catuskoti), Daoist (the non-essentialist logic of the Dao De Jing), the paradoxes of Gongsun Long and Han Fei Zi, the soku hi logic of the Prajnaparamita sutras and the logical-mathematical structure of the I Jing.

Although in a preliminary and tentative way, I propose to broaden the classic comparative framework laid out by Ryokan, bringing Eastern logics into dialogue, this time not only with Western ones, but also with indigenous and Afro-diasporic ones.

I will present some logical structures in candomblé that are similar to paraconsistent logics, such as the dual and alternating identity of the orixá Logunedé of Bahian Kêtu; the crossroads model of Exú and the irreconcilable alternation of his black and red cap. Besides that, I will also contrast a proverb of Exu with an equivalent motto of Gonsun Long, both about the reversal of the present time into the past time. I will also outline a similarity by way of a trialogue between Klein's bottle, the structure of the tipiti and the myth of the blowgun by Wma Watu (both elements of Amazonian indigenous traditions), and the logic of the relationship between the self and the historical world formulated by Kitaro Nishida (similar to soku hi).

©2025 by The XI International Conference of Eastern Philosophy at Unicamp

Brazil-China Study Group

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